Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty in breathing. People with asthma often experience recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness, especially at night or early in the morning. These symptoms occur when the airways become overly sensitive to triggers such as allergens (dust, pollen), respiratory infections, cold air, physical exercise, or irritants like smoke.

Asthma is typically managed with two types of medications: controller medications, such as inhaled corticosteroids, which reduce inflammation and prevent symptoms, and rescue medications, like bronchodilators, which provide quick relief during an asthma attack. While there is no cure for asthma, with proper management, most individuals can lead active and normal lives. Regular monitoring and avoiding known triggers are also key to keeping asthma under control.